Bharat Kantilal Dalal (D) v. Chetan Surendra Dalal 2025 INSC 1334-Order XXI Rule 22 CPC
Code of Civil Procedure 1908- Order XXI Rule 22 - The executing court is under an obligation to issue notice to the person against whom a decree is sought to be executed in the circumstances enumerated therein. The mandate of Order 21 Rule 22 (1) stands on two independent and mutually reinforcing foundations (i) the statutory compulsion-the use of word ‘shall’ in the provision leaves no discretion to the executing court in the circumstances enumerated therein, (ii) it incorporates the principles of natural justice as the legal representative of the deceased cannot be proceeded unless he is given an opportunity to contest the execution. Thus, the requirement of notice under Order 21 Rule 22 (1) to the persons enumerated therein is not a mere procedural courtesy but is the very foundation of the jurisdiction when the execution is sought against the estate of the deceased judgment debtor. (Para 14-15)
Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 -The Act is a self-contained code and is founded upon principles of party autonomy, expedition and finality. The legislative design of the Act restricts judicial interference. (Para 19)
Case Info
Key details
- Case name: Bharat Kantilal Dalal (Dead) Through LR v. Chetan Surendra Dalal & Ors.
- Neutral citation: 2025 INSC 1334.
- Coram: Justice Sanjay Kumar; Justice Alok Aradhe.
- Judgment date: November 20, 2025.
Caselaws cited (with citations)
- Paramjeet Singh Patheja v. ICDS Ltd. (2006) 13 SCC 322.
- Fuerst Day Lawson Ltd. v. Jindal Exports Ltd. (2011) 8 SCC 333.
- Union of India v. Simplex Infrastructures Ltd. (2017) 14 SCC 225.
- Kandla Export Corporation v. OCI Corporation (2018) 14 SCC 715.
- Sundaram Finance Ltd. v. Abdul Samad (2018) 3 SCC 622.
- Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC v. Future Retail Ltd. (2022) 1 SCC 209.
- Noy Vallesina Engineering Spa v. Jindal Drugs Ltd. (2021) 1 SCC 382.
- PASL Wind Solutions Pvt. Ltd. v. GE Power Conversion India Pvt. Ltd. (2021) 7 SCC 1.
- Electrosteel Steel Ltd. v. Ispat Carrier Pvt. Ltd. (2025) 7 SCC 773.
- Jet Airways (India) Ltd. v. Subrata Roy Sahara 2011 SCC OnLine Bom 1379.
- Sushila Singhania v. Bharat Hari Singhania 2017 SCC OnLine Bom 360.
- Raghunath Das v. Sundardas Khetri AIR 1914 PC 129.
Statutes and provisions referred
- Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996: Sections 5, 36, 37, 50.
- Code of Civil Procedure, 1908: Order 21 Rule 22 and Order 21 Rule 23.
Suggested Readings:
#SupremeCourt judgment on notice under Order XXI Rule 22(1) CPC: https://t.co/KgdbsDnxyg pic.twitter.com/KvaTwqaxJj
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